主要分析Binder在java framework层的框架,相关源码:
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/IInterface.java
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/IServiceManager.java
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManager.java
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/ServiceManagerNative.java(包含内部类ServiceManagerProxy)
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/IBinder.java
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/Binder.java(包含内部类BinderProxy)
/framework/base/core/java/android/os/Parcel.java
/framework/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BinderInternal.java
/framework/base/core/jni/android_os_Parcel.cpp
/framework/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
/framework/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp
一、概述
1.1 Binder架构
binder在framework层,采用JNI技术来调用native(C/C++)层的binder架构,从而为上层应用程序提供服务。 看过binder系列之前的文章,我们知道native层中,binder是C/S架构,分为Bn端(Server)和Bp端(Client)。对于java层在命名与架构上非常相近,同样实现了一套IPC通信架构。
framework Binder架构图:
点击查看大图
图解:
- 图中红色代表整个framework层 binder架构相关组件;
- Binder类代表Server端,BinderProxy类代码Client端;
- 图中蓝色代表Native层Binder架构相关组件;
- 上层framework层的Binder逻辑是建立在Native层架构基础之上的,核心逻辑都是交予Native层方法来处理。
- framework层的ServiceManager类与Native层的功能并不完全对应,framework层的ServiceManager类的实现最终是通过BinderProxy传递给Native层来完成的,后面会详细说明。
1.2 Binder类图
下面列举framework的binder类关系图
点击查看大图
图解:(图中浅蓝色都是Interface,其余都是Class)
- ServiceManager:通过getIServiceManager方法获取的是ServiceManagerProxy对象; ServiceManager的addService, getService实际工作都交由ServiceManagerProxy的相应方法来处理;
- ServiceManagerProxy:其成员变量mRemote指向BinderProxy对象,ServiceManagerProxy的addService, getService方法最终是交由mRemote来完成。
- ServiceManagerNative:其方法asInterface()返回的是ServiceManagerProxy对象,ServiceManager便是借助ServiceManagerNative类来找到ServiceManagerProxy;
- Binder:其成员变量mObject和方法execTransact()用于native方法
- BinderInternal:内部有一个GcWatcher类,用于处理和调试与Binder相关的垃圾回收。
- IBinder:接口中常量FLAG_ONEWAY:客户端利用binder跟服务端通信是阻塞式的,但如果设置了FLAG_ONEWAY,这成为非阻塞的调用方式,客户端能立即返回,服务端采用回调方式来通知客户端完成情况。另外IBinder接口有一个内部接口DeathDecipient(死亡通告)。
1.3 Binder类分层
整个Binder从kernel至,native,JNI,Framework层所涉及的全部类
点击查看大图
二、初始化
在Android系统开机过程中,Zygote启动时会有一个虚拟机注册过程,该过程调用AndroidRuntime::startReg
方法来完成jni方法的注册。
2.1 startReg
==> AndroidRuntime.cpp
int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{
androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);
env->PushLocalFrame(200);
//注册jni方法【见2.2】
if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
return -1;
}
env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
return 0;
}
注册JNI方法,其中gRegJNI
是一个数组,记录所有需要注册的jni方法,其中有一项便是REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),下面说说register_android_os_Binder
过程。
2.2 register_android_os_Binder
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env)
{
// 注册Binder类的jni方法【见2.3】
if (int_register_android_os_Binder(env) < 0)
return -1;
// 注册BinderInternal类的jni方法【见2.4】
if (int_register_android_os_BinderInternal(env) < 0)
return -1;
// 注册BinderProxy类的jni方法【见2.5】
if (int_register_android_os_BinderProxy(env) < 0)
return -1;
...
return 0;
}
2.3 注册Binder
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
static int int_register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env)
{
//其中kBinderPathName = "android/os/Binder";查找kBinderPathName路径所属类
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderPathName);
//将Java层Binder类保存到mClass变量;
gBinderOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
//将Java层execTransact()方法保存到mExecTransact变量;
gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "execTransact", "(IJJI)Z");
//将Java层mObject属性保存到mObject变量
gBinderOffsets.mObject = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mObject", "J");
//注册JNI方法
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(env, kBinderPathName, gBinderMethods,
NELEM(gBinderMethods));
}
注册 Binder类的jni方法,其中:
- FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderPathName) 基本等价于 env->FindClass(kBinderPathName)
- MakeGlobalRefOrDie() 等价于 env->NewGlobalRef()
- GetMethodIDOrDie() 等价于 env->GetMethodID()
- GetFieldIDOrDie() 等价于 env->GeFieldID()
- RegisterMethodsOrDie() 等价于 Android::registerNativeMethods();
(1)gBinderOffsets
gBinderOffsets
是全局静态结构体(struct),定义如下:
static struct bindernative_offsets_t
{
jclass mClass; //记录Binder类
jmethodID mExecTransact; //记录execTransact()方法
jfieldID mObject; //记录mObject属性
} gBinderOffsets;
gBinderOffsets
保存了Binder.java
类本身以及其成员方法execTransact()
和成员属性mObject
,这为JNI层访问Java层提供通道。另外通过查询获取Java层 binder信息后保存到gBinderOffsets
,而不再需要每次查找binder类信息的方式能大幅度提高效率,是由于每次查询需要花费较多的CPU时间,尤其是频繁访问时,但用额外的结构体来保存这些信息,是以空间换时间的方法。
(2)gBinderMethods
static const JNINativeMethod gBinderMethods[] = {
/* 名称, 签名, 函数指针 */
{ "getCallingPid", "()I", (void*)android_os_Binder_getCallingPid },
{ "getCallingUid", "()I", (void*)android_os_Binder_getCallingUid },
{ "clearCallingIdentity", "()J", (void*)android_os_Binder_clearCallingIdentity },
{ "restoreCallingIdentity", "(J)V", (void*)android_os_Binder_restoreCallingIdentity },
{ "setThreadStrictModePolicy", "(I)V", (void*)android_os_Binder_setThreadStrictModePolicy },
{ "getThreadStrictModePolicy", "()I", (void*)android_os_Binder_getThreadStrictModePolicy },
{ "flushPendingCommands", "()V", (void*)android_os_Binder_flushPendingCommands },
{ "init", "()V", (void*)android_os_Binder_init },
{ "destroy", "()V", (void*)android_os_Binder_destroy },
{ "blockUntilThreadAvailable", "()V", (void*)android_os_Binder_blockUntilThreadAvailable }
};
通过RegisterMethodsOrDie(),将为gBinderMethods数组中的方法建立了一一映射关系,从而为Java层访问JNI层提供通道。
总之,int_register_android_os_Binder
方法的主要功能:
- 通过gBinderOffsets,保存Java层Binder类的信息,为JNI层访问Java层提供通道;
- 通过RegisterMethodsOrDie,将gBinderMethods数组完成映射关系,从而为Java层访问JNI层提供通道。
也就是说该过程建立了Binder类在Native层与framework层之间的相互调用的桥梁。
2.4 注册BinderInternal
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
static int int_register_android_os_BinderInternal(JNIEnv* env)
{
//其中kBinderInternalPathName = "com/android/internal/os/BinderInternal"
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderInternalPathName);
gBinderInternalOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
gBinderInternalOffsets.mForceGc = GetStaticMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "forceBinderGc", "()V");
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(
env, kBinderInternalPathName,
gBinderInternalMethods, NELEM(gBinderInternalMethods));
}
注册BinderInternal类的jni方法,gBinderInternalOffsets
保存了BinderInternal的forceBinderGc()
方法。
下面是BinderInternal类的JNI方法注册:
static const JNINativeMethod gBinderInternalMethods[] = {
{ "getContextObject", "()Landroid/os/IBinder;", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject },
{ "joinThreadPool", "()V", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_joinThreadPool },
{ "disableBackgroundScheduling", "(Z)V", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_disableBackgroundScheduling },
{ "handleGc", "()V", (void*)android_os_BinderInternal_handleGc }
};
该过程其【2.3】非常类似,也就是说该过程建立了是BinderInternal类在Native层与framework层之间的相互调用的桥梁。
2.5 注册BinderProxy
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
static int int_register_android_os_BinderProxy(JNIEnv* env)
{
//gErrorOffsets保存了Error类信息
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, "java/lang/Error");
gErrorOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
//gBinderProxyOffsets保存了BinderProxy类的信息
//其中kBinderProxyPathName = "android/os/BinderProxy"
clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderProxyPathName);
gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "<init>", "()V");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mSendDeathNotice = GetStaticMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "sendDeathNotice", "(Landroid/os/IBinder$DeathRecipient;)V");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mObject", "J");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mSelf", "Ljava/lang/ref/WeakReference;");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mOrgue = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mOrgue", "J");
//gClassOffsets保存了Class.getName()方法
clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, "java/lang/Class");
gClassOffsets.mGetName = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(
env, kBinderProxyPathName,
gBinderProxyMethods, NELEM(gBinderProxyMethods));
}
注册BinderProxy类的jni方法,gBinderProxyOffsets
保存了BinderProxy的
下面BinderProxy类的JNI方法注册:
static const JNINativeMethod gBinderProxyMethods[] = {
/* 名称, 签名, 函数指针 */
{"pingBinder", "()Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_pingBinder},
{"isBinderAlive", "()Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_isBinderAlive},
{"getInterfaceDescriptor", "()Ljava/lang/String;", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_getInterfaceDescriptor},
{"transactNative", "(ILandroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/os/Parcel;I)Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_transact},
{"linkToDeath", "(Landroid/os/IBinder$DeathRecipient;I)V", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_linkToDeath},
{"unlinkToDeath", "(Landroid/os/IBinder$DeathRecipient;I)Z", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_unlinkToDeath},
{"destroy", "()V", (void*)android_os_BinderProxy_destroy},
};
该过程其【2.3】非常类似,也就是说该过程建立了是BinderProxy类在Native层与framework层之间的相互调用的桥梁。
三、注册服务
3.1 addService
==> ServiceManager.java
public static void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated) {
try {
getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, allowIsolated); //【见3.2和3.3】
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "error in addService", e);
}
}
首先分析getIServiceManager()过程【见3.2】,再分析addService()过程【见3.3】。
3.2 getIServiceManager
==> ServiceManager.java
private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
if (sServiceManager != null) {
return sServiceManager;
}
//【分别见3.2.1和3.2.3】
sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());
return sServiceManager;
}
采用了单例模式获取ServiceManager getIServiceManager()返回的是ServiceManagerProxy(简称SMP)对象
3.2.1 getContextObject()
==> BinderInternal.java
public static final native IBinder getContextObject();
这是一个native方法,根据BinderInternal进行的jni注册方式,可知具体工作交给了下面方法:
==> android_util_binder.cpp
static jobject android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
sp<IBinder> b = ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL);
return javaObjectForIBinder(env, b); //【见3.2.2】
}
对于ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(),在获取Service Manager中详细介绍过。此处直接使用其结论:ProcessState::self()->getContextObject()
等价于 new BpBinder(0)
;
3.2.2 javaObjectForIBinder
==> android_util_binder.cpp
将Java对象转换为native对象,更准确地说是将BpBinder(Java对象)转换成一个BinderProxy(C++对象)。
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
if (val == NULL) return NULL;
if (val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)) { //返回false
jobject object = static_cast<JavaBBinder*>(val.get())->object();
return object;
}
AutoMutex _l(mProxyLock);
jobject object = (jobject)val->findObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
if (object != NULL) { //第一次object为null
jobject res = jniGetReferent(env, object);
if (res != NULL) {
return res;
}
android_atomic_dec(&gNumProxyRefs);
val->detachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
env->DeleteGlobalRef(object);
}
//创建BinderProxy对象
object = env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor);
if (object != NULL) {
//BinderProxy.mObject成员变量记录BpBinder对象
env->SetLongField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (jlong)val.get());
val->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
jobject refObject = env->NewGlobalRef(
env->GetObjectField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf));
//将BinderProxy对象信息附加到BpBinder的成员变量mObjects中
val->attachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets, refObject,
jnienv_to_javavm(env), proxy_cleanup);
sp<DeathRecipientList> drl = new DeathRecipientList;
drl->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
//BinderProxy.mOrgue成员变量记录死亡通知对象
env->SetLongField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mOrgue, reinterpret_cast<jlong>(drl.get()));
android_atomic_inc(&gNumProxyRefs);
incRefsCreated(env);
}
return object;
}
BinderProxy.mObject成员变量记录着BpBinder对象.
到此,可知ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject()) 等价于
ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(new BinderProxy())
3.2.3 asInterface
==> ServiceManagerNative.java
static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)
{
if (obj == null) { //obj为BpBinder
return null;
}
IServiceManager in = (IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) { //in ==null
return in;
}
return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);
}
由此,可知ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(new BinderProxy()) 等价于
new ServiceManagerProxy(new BinderProxy())
getIServiceManager小结:
ServiceManager.getIServiceManager
最终等价于new ServiceManagerProxy(new BinderProxy())
;
framework层的ServiceManager的调用实际的工作确实交给远程接口ServiceManagerProxy的成员变量BinderProxy;而BinderProxy通过jni方式,最终会调用BpBinder对象;可见上层binder架构的核心功能基本都是靠native架构的服务来完成的。
也就意味着【3.1】中的 getIServiceManager().addService(),等价于ServiceManagerProxy.addService(),ServiceManagerProxy简称为SMP,接下来再看SMP.addService方法。
3.3 SMP.addService
==> ServiceManagerNative.java
public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
data.writeString(name);
data.writeStrongBinder(service); //【见3.4】
data.writeInt(allowIsolated ? 1 : 0);
//mRemote为BinderProxy【见3.9】
mRemote.transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
}
3.4 writeStrongBinder
==> Parcel.java
public writeStrongBinder(IBinder val){
//此处为Native调用【见3.5】
nativewriteStrongBinder(mNativePtr, val);
}
3.5 android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder
==> android_os_Parcel.cpp
static void android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong nativePtr, jobject object)
{
//将java层Parcel转换为native层Parcel
Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
if (parcel != NULL) {
//【见3.6】
const status_t err = parcel->writeStrongBinder(ibinderForJavaObject(env, object));
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
signalExceptionForError(env, clazz, err);
}
}
}
3.6 ibinderForJavaObject
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
sp<IBinder> ibinderForJavaObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
if (obj == NULL) return NULL;
if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderOffsets.mClass)) {
JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = (JavaBBinderHolder*)
env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject);
return jbh != NULL ? jbh->get(env, obj) : NULL; //【见3.7】
}
if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass)) {
return (IBinder*)env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);
}
return NULL;
}
3.7 JavaBBinderHolder.get()
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
sp<JavaBBinder> get(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
sp<JavaBBinder> b = mBinder.promote();
if (b == NULL) {
//首次进来,创建JavaBBinder对象【见3.8】
b = new JavaBBinder(env, obj);
mBinder = b;
}
return b;
}
JavaBBinderHolder有一个成员变量mBinder,保存当前创建的JavaBBinder对象,这是一个wp类型的,可能会被垃圾回收器给回收,所以每次使用前,都需要先判断是否存在。
3.8 new JavaBBinder()
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
创建JavaBBinder,该对象继承于BBinder
JavaBBinder(JNIEnv* env, jobject object)
: mVM(jnienv_to_javavm(env)), mObject(env->NewGlobalRef(object))
{
android_atomic_inc(&gNumLocalRefs);
incRefsCreated(env);
}
从【3.4~3.8】,可知【3.3】中的data.writeStrongBinder(service)最终等价于parcel->writeStrongBinder(new JavaBBinder(env, obj))
;接着再看看transact过程。
3.9 mRemote.transact
==> Binder.java
回到ServiceManagerProxy.addService,其成员变量mRemote是BinderProxy。BinderProxy.transact如下:
public boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {
//用于检测Parcel大小是否大于800k
Binder.checkParcel(this, code, data, "Unreasonably large binder buffer");
return transactNative(code, data, reply, flags); //【见3.10】
}
transactNative经过jni调用,进入下面的方法
3.10 android_os_BinderProxy_transact
==> android_util_Binder.cpp
//该方法可抛出RemoteException
static jboolean android_os_BinderProxy_transact(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,
jint code, jobject dataObj, jobject replyObj, jint flags)
{
if (dataObj == NULL) {
jniThrowNullPointerException(env, NULL);
return JNI_FALSE;
}
//java Parcel转为native Parcel
Parcel* data = parcelForJavaObject(env, dataObj);
if (data == NULL) {
return JNI_FALSE;
}
Parcel* reply = parcelForJavaObject(env, replyObj);
if (reply == NULL && replyObj != NULL) {
return JNI_FALSE;
}
//gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject中保存的是new BpBinder(0)对象
IBinder* target = (IBinder*)
env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);
if (target == NULL) {
jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", "Binder has been finalized!");
return JNI_FALSE;
}
//此处便是BpBinder::transact(), 经过native层,进入Binder驱动程序
status_t err = target->transact(code, *data, reply, flags);
...
return JNI_FALSE;
}
Java层的BinderProxy.transact()最终交由Native层的BpBinder::transact()完成。Native Binder的注册服务(addService)中有详细说明BpBinder执行过程。
3.11 小结
addService的核心过程:
public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
throws RemoteException {
...
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); //此处还需要将java层的Parcel转为Native层的Parcel
data->writeStrongBinder(new JavaBBinder(env, obj));
BpBinder::transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, *data, reply, 0); //与Binder驱动交互
...
}
注册服务过程就是通过BpBinder来发送ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
命令,与实现与binder驱动进行数据交互。
四、获取服务
4.1 getService
==> ServiceManager.java
public static IBinder getService(String name) {
try {
IBinder service = sCache.get(name); //先从缓存中查看
if (service != null) {
return service;
} else {
return getIServiceManager().getService(name); 【见4.2】
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e);
}
return null;
}
关于getIServiceManager(),在前面小节3.2已经讲述了,等价于new ServiceManagerProxy(new BinderProxy())。 其中sCache = new HashMap<String, IBinder>()以hashmap格式缓存已组成的名称。请求获取服务过程中,先从缓存中查询是否存在,如果缓存中不存在的话,再通过binder交互来查询相应的服务。
4.2 SMN.getService
==> ServiceManagerNative.java
public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
data.writeString(name);
mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); //mRemote为BinderProxy
IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder(); //【见4.3】
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return binder;
}
mRemote.transact()在前面,已经说明过,通过JNI调用,最终调用的是BpBinder::transact()方法。
4.3 readStrongBinder
==> Parcel.java
readStrongBinder的过程基本与前面的writeStrongBinder时逆过程。
static jobject android_os_Parcel_readStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong nativePtr)
{
Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
if (parcel != NULL) {
return javaObjectForIBinder(env, parcel->readStrongBinder());
}
return NULL;
}
javaObjectForIBinder在第【3.3】中已经介绍过javaObjectForIBinder(env, new BpBinder(handle));
4.4 小结
getServicee的核心过程:
public static IBinder getService(String name) {
...
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); //此处还需要将java层的Parcel转为Native层的Parcel
BpBinder::transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, *data, reply, 0); //与Binder驱动交互
IBinder binder = javaObjectForIBinder(env, new BpBinder(handle));
...
}
javaObjectForIBinder作用是创建BinderProxy对象,并将BpBinder对象的地址保存到BinderProxy对象的mObjects中。
获取服务过程就是通过BpBinder来发送GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
命令,与实现与binder驱动进行数据交互。