基于Android 6.0的源码剖析, 本文Client如何向Server获取服务的过程。
/framework/av/media/libmedia/IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp
/framework/native/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
一、 获取服务
在Native层的服务注册,我们选择以media为例来展开讲解,先来看看media的类关系图。
点击查看大图
图解:
- 蓝色: 代表获取MediaPlayerService服务相关的类;
- 绿色: 代表Binder架构中与Binder驱动通信过程中的最为核心的两个类;
- 紫色: 代表注册服务和获取服务的公共接口/父类;
下面开始讲解每一个流程,为了让每小节标题更加紧凑,下面流程采用如下简称:
MPS: MediaPlayerService
IPC: IPCThreadState
PS: ProcessState
ISM: IServiceManager
1. getMediaPlayerService
继续以Media为例,讲解如何获取服务。
==> /framework/av/media/libmedia/IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp
sp<IMediaPlayerService>&
IMediaDeathNotifier::getMediaPlayerService()
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(sServiceLock);
if (sMediaPlayerService == 0) {
sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager(); //获取ServiceManager
sp<IBinder> binder;
do {
//获取名为"media.player"的服务 【见流程2】
binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));
if (binder != 0) {
break;
}
usleep(500000); // 0.5 s
} while (true);
if (sDeathNotifier == NULL) {
sDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier(); //创建死亡通知对象
}
//将死亡通知连接到binder 【见流程14】
binder->linkToDeath(sDeathNotifier);
sMediaPlayerService = interface_cast<IMediaPlayerService>(binder);
}
return sMediaPlayerService;
}
其中defaultServiceManager()过程在上一篇文章获取ServiceManager已讲过,返回BpServiceManager。
在请求获取名为”media.player”的服务过程中,采用不断循环获取的方法。由于MediaPlayerService服务可能还没向ServiceManager注册完成或者尚未启动完成等情况,故则binder返回为NULL,休眠0.5s后继续请求,直到获取服务为止。
2. ISM.getService
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
virtual sp<IBinder> getService(const String16& name) const
{
unsigned n;
for (n = 0; n < 5; n++){
sp<IBinder> svc = checkService(name); //【见流程3】
if (svc != NULL) return svc;
sleep(1);
}
return NULL;
}
通过BpServiceManager来获取MediaPlayer服务:检索服务是否存在,当服务存在则返回相应的服务,当服务不存在则休眠1s再继续检索服务。该循环进行5次。为什么是循环5次呢,这估计跟Android的ANR时间为5s相关。如果每次都无法获取服务,循环5次,每次循环休眠1s,忽略checkService()
的时间,差不多就是5s的时间
3. ISM.checkService
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IServiceManager.cpp
检索指定服务是否存在
virtual sp<IBinder> checkService( const String16& name) const
{
Parcel data, reply;
//写入RPC头
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());
//写入服务名
data.writeString16(name);
remote()->transact(CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply); //【见流程4】
return reply.readStrongBinder();
}
其中remote()为BpBinder。
4. BpBinder::transact
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/BpBinder.cpp
由【流程3】传递过来的参数:transact(CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply, 0);
status_t BpBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
if (mAlive) {
// 【见流程5和7】
status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(
mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);
if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;
return status;
}
return DEAD_OBJECT;
}
Binder代理类调用transact()方法,真正工作还是交给IPCThreadState来进行transact工作,
5. IPCThreadState::self
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
IPCThreadState* IPCThreadState::self()
{
if (gHaveTLS) {
restart:
const pthread_key_t k = gTLS;
IPCThreadState* st = (IPCThreadState*)pthread_getspecific(k);
if (st) return st;
return new IPCThreadState; //初始IPCThreadState 【见流程6】
}
if (gShutdown) return NULL;
pthread_mutex_lock(&gTLSMutex);
if (!gHaveTLS) { //首次进入gHaveTLS为false
if (pthread_key_create(&gTLS, threadDestructor) != 0) { //创建线程的TLS
pthread_mutex_unlock(&gTLSMutex);
return NULL;
}
gHaveTLS = true;
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&gTLSMutex);
goto restart;
}
获取IPCThreadState对象,关于线程的TLS在上一篇文章注册服务(addService)中已解释过。
6. new IPCThreadState
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
IPCThreadState::IPCThreadState()
: mProcess(ProcessState::self()),
mMyThreadId(gettid()),
mStrictModePolicy(0),
mLastTransactionBinderFlags(0)
{
pthread_setspecific(gTLS, this);
clearCaller();
mIn.setDataCapacity(256);
mOut.setDataCapacity(256);
}
每个线程都有一个IPCThreadState
,每个IPCThreadState
中都有一个mIn、一个mOut。成员变量mProcess保存了ProcessState变量(每个进程只有一个)。
- mIn 用来接收来自Binder设备的数据,默认大小为256字节;
- mOut用来存储发往Binder设备的数据,默认大小为256字节。
7. IPC::transact
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
由【流程4】传递过来的参数:transact (0,CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply, 0);
status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
status_t err = data.errorCheck(); //数据错误检查
flags |= TF_ACCEPT_FDS;
....
if (err == NO_ERROR) {
// 传输数据 【见流程8】
err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);
}
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
return (mLastError = err);
}
if ((flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) { //flgs=0进入该分支
if (reply) {
//等待响应 【见流程9】
err = waitForResponse(reply);
} else {
Parcel fakeReply;
err = waitForResponse(&fakeReply);
}
} else {
//不需要响应消息的binder则进入该分支
err = waitForResponse(NULL, NULL);
}
return err;
}
IPCThreadState进行transact事务处理分3部分:
- errorCheck() //数据错误检查
- writeTransactionData() // 传输数据
- waitForResponse() //f等待响应
8. IPC.writeTransactionData
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
由【流程7】传递过来的参数:writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, 0, 0, CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, NULL)
status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,
int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
tr.target.ptr = 0;
tr.target.handle = handle; // handle=0
tr.code = code; // CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION
tr.flags = binderFlags; // 0
tr.cookie = 0;
tr.sender_pid = 0;
tr.sender_euid = 0;
const status_t err = data.errorCheck();
if (err == NO_ERROR) {
tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize(); // data为Media服务相关的parcel通信数据包
tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();
tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(binder_size_t);
tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();
} else if (statusBuffer) {
tr.flags |= TF_STATUS_CODE;
*statusBuffer = err;
tr.data_size = sizeof(status_t);
tr.data.ptr.buffer = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(statusBuffer);
tr.offsets_size = 0;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = 0;
} else {
return (mLastError = err);
}
mOut.writeInt32(cmd); //cmd = BC_TRANSACTION
mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr)); //写入binder_transaction_data数据
return NO_ERROR;
}
其中handle的值用来标识目的端,注册服务过程的目的端为service manager,此处handle=0所对应的是binder_context_mgr_node对象,正是service manager所对应的binder实体对象。binder_transaction_data结构体是binder驱动通信的数据结构,该过程最终是把Binder请求码BC_TRANSACTION和binder_transaction_data结构体写入到mOut
。
9. IPC.waitForResponse
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
【流程7】传递过来的参数:waitForResponse(&reply, NULL);
status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{
int32_t cmd;
int32_t err;
while (1) {
if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break; // 【见流程10】
err = mIn.errorCheck();
if (err < NO_ERROR) break;
if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
switch (cmd) {
case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:
if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;
break;
case BR_DEAD_REPLY:
err = DEAD_OBJECT;
goto finish;
case BR_FAILED_REPLY:
err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;
goto finish;
case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:
{
const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();
if (!acquireResult) continue;
*acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;
}
goto finish;
case BR_REPLY:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
if (reply) {
if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {
reply->ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t),
freeBuffer, this);
} else {
err = *reinterpret_cast<const status_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer);
freeBuffer(NULL,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), this);
}
} else {
freeBuffer(NULL,
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), this);
continue;
}
}
goto finish;
default:
err = executeCommand(cmd); //【见流程11】
if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;
break;
}
}
finish:
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;
if (reply) reply->setError(err);
mLastError = err;
}
return err;
}
不断循环地与Binder驱动设备交互,获取响应信息
10. IPC.talkWithDriver
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{
if (mProcess->mDriverFD <= 0) {
return -EBADF;
}
binder_write_read bwr;
const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();
const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;
bwr.write_size = outAvail;
bwr.write_buffer = (uintptr_t)mOut.data();
if (doReceive && needRead) {
//接收数据缓冲区信息的填充。如果以后收到数据,就直接填在mIn中了。
bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();
bwr.read_buffer = (uintptr_t)mIn.data();
} else {
bwr.read_size = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = 0;
}
if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
status_t err;
do {
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)
if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0) //ioctl不停的读写操作
err = NO_ERROR;
else
err = -errno;
#else
err = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif
if (mProcess->mDriverFD <= 0) {
err = -EBADF;
}
} while (err == -EINTR);
if (err >= NO_ERROR) {
if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {
if (bwr.write_consumed < mOut.dataSize())
mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);
else
mOut.setDataSize(0);
}
if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {
mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);
mIn.setDataPosition(0);
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
return err;
}
binder_write_read结构体用来与Binder设备交换数据的结构, 通过ioctl与mDriverFD通信,是真正与Binder驱动进行数据读写交互的过程。
11. IPC.executeCommand
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/IPCThreadState.cpp
根据收到的响应消息,执行相应的操作
【流程9】传递过来的参数:executeCommand(BR_TRANSACTION)
status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd)
{
BBinder* obj;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
status_t result = NO_ERROR;
switch (cmd) {
case BR_ERROR:
result = mIn.readInt32();
break;
case BR_OK:
break;
case BR_ACQUIRE:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readPointer();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
obj->incStrong(mProcess.get());
mOut.writeInt32(BC_ACQUIRE_DONE);
mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)refs);
mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)obj);
break;
case BR_RELEASE:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readPointer();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
mPendingStrongDerefs.push(obj);
break;
case BR_INCREFS:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readPointer();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
refs->incWeak(mProcess.get());
mOut.writeInt32(BC_INCREFS_DONE);
mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)refs);
mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)obj);
break;
case BR_DECREFS:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readPointer();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
mPendingWeakDerefs.push(refs);
break;
case BR_ATTEMPT_ACQUIRE:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readPointer();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
const bool success = refs->attemptIncStrong(mProcess.get());
mOut.writeInt32(BC_ACQUIRE_RESULT);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)success);
break;
case BR_TRANSACTION:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
if (result != NO_ERROR) break;
Parcel buffer;
buffer.ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const binder_size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(binder_size_t), freeBuffer, this);
const pid_t origPid = mCallingPid;
const uid_t origUid = mCallingUid;
const int32_t origStrictModePolicy = mStrictModePolicy;
const int32_t origTransactionBinderFlags = mLastTransactionBinderFlags;
mCallingPid = tr.sender_pid;
mCallingUid = tr.sender_euid;
mLastTransactionBinderFlags = tr.flags;
int curPrio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, mMyThreadId);
if (gDisableBackgroundScheduling) {
if (curPrio > ANDROID_PRIORITY_NORMAL) {
setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, mMyThreadId, ANDROID_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
}
} else {
if (curPrio >= ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) {
set_sched_policy(mMyThreadId, SP_BACKGROUND);
}
}
Parcel reply;
status_t error;
// tr.cookie里存放的是BBinder,此处b是BBinder的实现子类
if (tr.target.ptr) {
sp<BBinder> b((BBinder*)tr.cookie);
error = b->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags); //【见流程12】
} else {
error = the_context_object->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);
}
if ((tr.flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
sendReply(reply, 0);
}
mCallingPid = origPid;
mCallingUid = origUid;
mStrictModePolicy = origStrictModePolicy;
mLastTransactionBinderFlags = origTransactionBinderFlags;
}
break;
case BR_DEAD_BINDER:
{ //收到binder驱动发来的service死掉的消息,只有Bp端能收到。
BpBinder *proxy = (BpBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
proxy->sendObituary();
mOut.writeInt32(BC_DEAD_BINDER_DONE);
mOut.writePointer((uintptr_t)proxy);
} break;
case BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE:
{
BpBinder *proxy = (BpBinder*)mIn.readPointer();
proxy->getWeakRefs()->decWeak(proxy);
} break;
case BR_FINISHED:
result = TIMED_OUT;
break;
case BR_NOOP:
break;
case BR_SPAWN_LOOPER:
//收到来自驱动的指示以创建一个新线程,用于和Binder通信 【见流程17】
mProcess->spawnPooledThread(false);
break;
default:
result = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
break;
}
if (result != NO_ERROR) {
mLastError = result;
}
return result;
}
12. BBinder::transact
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
服务端transact事务处理
status_t BBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
data.setDataPosition(0);
status_t err = NO_ERROR;
switch (code) {
case PING_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
break;
default:
err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); //【见流程13】
break;
}
if (reply != NULL) {
reply->setDataPosition(0);
}
return err;
}
13. BBinder::onTransact
==> /framework/native/libs/binder/Binder.cpp
服务端事务回调处理函数
status_t BBinder::onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t /*flags*/)
{
switch (code) {
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeString16(getInterfaceDescriptor());
return NO_ERROR;
case DUMP_TRANSACTION: {
int fd = data.readFileDescriptor();
int argc = data.readInt32();
Vector<String16> args;
for (int i = 0; i < argc && data.dataAvail() > 0; i++) {
args.add(data.readString16());
}
return dump(fd, args);
}
case SYSPROPS_TRANSACTION: {
report_sysprop_change();
return NO_ERROR;
}
default:
return UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
}
}
对于MediaPlayerService的场景下,事实上BnMediaPlayerService继承了BBinder类,且重载了onTransact()方法,故实际调用的是BnMediaPlayerService::onTransact()方法。
二、 死亡通知
死亡通知是为了让Bp端能知道Bn端的生死情况。
- 定义:DeathNotifier是继承IBinder::DeathRecipient类,主要需要实现其binderDied()来进行死亡通告。
- 注册:binder->linkToDeath(sDeathNotifier)是为了将sDeathNotifier死亡通知注册到Binder上。
Bp端只需要覆写binderDied()方法,实现一些后尾清除类的工作,则在Bn端死掉后,会回调binderDied()进行相应处理。
14. 死亡注册
注册用该方法:
binder->linkToDeath(sDeathNotifier);
覆写binderDied方法,主要是实现收尾清除类的工作,比如
void IMediaDeathNotifier::DeathNotifier::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who __unused) {
SortedVector< wp<IMediaDeathNotifier> > list;
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(sServiceLock);
sMediaPlayerService.clear(); //把Bp端的MediaPlayerService清除掉
list = sObitRecipients;
}
size_t count = list.size();
for (size_t iter = 0; iter < count; ++iter) {
sp<IMediaDeathNotifier> notifier = list[iter].promote();
if (notifier != 0) {
notifier->died(); //当MediaServer挂了则通知应用程序,应用程序回调该方法。
}
}
}
客户端进程通过Binder驱动获得Binder的代理(BpBinder),死亡通知注册的过程就是客户端进程向Binder驱动注册一个死亡通知,该死亡通知关联BBinder,即与BpBinder所对应的服务端。
15. 取消注册
当Bp在收到服务端的死亡通知之前先挂了,那么需要在对象的销毁方法内,调用unlinkToDeath()
来取消死亡通知;
IMediaDeathNotifier::DeathNotifier::~DeathNotifier()
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(sServiceLock);
sObitRecipients.clear();
if (sMediaPlayerService != 0) {
IInterface::asBinder(sMediaPlayerService)->unlinkToDeath(this);
}
}
16. 调用机制
每当service进程退出时,service manager会收到来自Binder驱动的死亡通知。
这项工作是在启动Service Manager时通过binder_link_to_death(bs, ptr, &si->death)
完成。另外,每个Bp端也可以自己注册死亡通知,能获取Binder的死亡消息,比如前面的IMediaDeathNotifier
。
那么问题来了,Binder死亡通知是如何触发的呢?对于Binder IPC进程都会打开/dev/binder文件,当进程异常退出时,Binder驱动会保证释放将要退出的进程中没有正常关系的/dev/binder文件,实现机制是binder驱动通过调用/dev/binder文件所对应的release回调函数,执行清理工作,并且检查BBinder是否有注册死亡通知,当发现存在死亡通知时,那么就向其对应的BpBinder端发送死亡通知消息。